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穿越昔日日本（江户东京建筑园）1993年，在东京都立小金井公园内开园的江户东京建筑园是一座户外型博物馆。建筑园占地约7公顷，园中排列着从江户时代到昭和初期的29栋复原建筑物，按年份排列，也就是从1652年到1942年期间的建筑。许多历史建筑物难以在建造的当地保存，却又有着极高的文化价值，建筑园的使命就是将这些历史建筑物按原样移建，并在此基础上进行保存和展示。建筑园是模仿东京都的地形而设计的。东区是商人和手艺人居住的平民区；中心区域是江户时期武士及明治时代以后（1868年～）官员及实业家等人的居住区；西区则再现了田园式的农户居住的武藏野高地。在这种独具匠心设计的园内，不同建筑保持着各自固有的环境氛围，所以在建筑园里散步，不由得产生一种时光倒流的感觉。在茅草屋顶的民宅里，每天都有志愿者在地炉里生火，这样做一方面是用烟熏防止茅草生虫，另一方面使得建筑园的来客追忆起当时的农家生活。当迈入东区平民区，一种奇妙的观光气氛便会大幅增加。之所以产生这种感觉，是因为这里有着明治时代的石造警察局建筑和街灯等物品，还有在商店的货架上摆放着仿制明治时代的商品，这不仅仅是建筑物的再现，也是将当时的生活情景进行再现。这正是江户东京建筑园的一大特征。(摘自網絡)公園內深秋的景色公園內建筑([]
最新章节： 第521章 犯罪现场庆余年 （ 2024-06-03 07:01:25）
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台湾电影直捣无底洞
胡振宇首先我想说，我去越南的时间是2011年的春节，不是夏天去的，所以很多东西会不一样。而且跟很多朋友的文章不同，我们的越南之行是百分之百的穷游，所以住的很低准，每人每天按6美元的准住的。全程几乎没去什么饭馆吃饭，基本吃的都是街边摊。而且是我一个女孩子带着老妈出游，我妈从第一天开始就病了，到最后发展成了严重的肺炎，所以，带着一个更年期生病妇女，承受的无休无止的唠叨你懂的....所以与很多人相比，我的观点并不具有可信性。您就看着当笑话一笑而过就可以了。许多东西，每个人的感觉是不一样的。虽然我这篇文章写得很苦逼，但是我心里还是爱着越南的。机票：我刚开始没有确定自己的行程，所以先在去哪网上订了广州到河内的机票，全部加起来是860，回来的机票是在越南通过旅行社订的，太坑爹了竟然花了1600！！！现在在去哪上面找往返机票，加上税也就1200，所以还是早点确定行程比较好，因为是往返，个人觉得河内往返不值得，不如订胡志明往返，因为河内根本不值得去！汇率：去的时候人民币换越南盾大概是13150.美元换越南盾是121000，很多地方有得换，但是千万别在机场换，低死了...而且一定要万万注意汇率损失的问,别换太多越盾了,我们就是换了太多,换回来的时候汇率很不值得,结果损失很多.电话据说如果是漫游的话,发短信是2块钱一条,打电话9块钱一分钟,还是买个当地卡值得,我买的是vietell的卡，65.000盾,差不多人民币22块钱,还是很便宜的,而且这个卡买了还可以打十几分钟的国际长途,本地打电话发短信也都可以.而且过去无聊,满街都是中国人,要了他们电话也可以互相联系认识朋友。交通：越南的摩托车多得吓死人了，但是其实他们技术都很好不会撞到你的，所以马路随便过也没什么问（个人经验）。从北到南大家一般都是坐open bus，越南有很多家做旅游的公司，很多攻略推崇 sinh tourist， TM brother's cafe，hanh cafe，等等...我觉得个个都不是什么好东西,全都很坑爹,所以随便坐一个就可以了,但是要找价钱最低的.sinh tourist跟其他相比的优点就是发车了就不会再停下四处兜客，而且还会发一瓶水一张湿纸巾给你，不过在我看来全是小恩小惠...sinh的网址如下，可以先在线订好全部行程https//www.thesinhtourist.vn/越南打的还可以，但是千万坐正规的那种，而且司机不一定懂英语哦语言：因为去的都是旅游城市，连街边摆地摊的人也懂说英语，但是个人认为还是要学点越南语的，问价钱要会，数字要会，机场什么的最好都学一点，虽然听起来超搞笑超像粗口的。不过，学会了也不是很好，因为你可以听懂老板跟当地人要的价钱比跟你要的低几倍。心里会超级不爽建议1.多人同行,一个人去虽然很小资,但是在住房子上面很不抵,2人间12美元,1人间也要10美元了,建议四人同行,因为有的旅馆的床大得要死,4个人睡双人间也没问,不过这就要看老板是算人头价还是房间价了.2.据说胡志明市很多飞车党抢包,路上遇到的已经听说了至少有2个人被抢过手机或者单反,在越南拿单反的几乎百分百是中国人,所以千万要注意安全3.千万别新年去，年前年后几天都别去，越南人也过春节，满街店铺全体关门了，旅游公司的车也少，而且所有东西的价格都上浮总之各种 杯具。4.越南人虽然还算是比较热情友好的，但是做事非常非常没有效率没有信用，所以别相信他们，尤其是会赚到你的钱的人，全都爱骗人！5.越南司机开车你最好别坐第一排看着他开，否则你肯定吐血，美奈到西贡就215公里，他开了6小时，中途还停下来吃饭，路上一个车也没有他也开40km/h，最快也不超过60.而且超爱接电话鸣喇叭，电话铃又恶心喇叭声超大，其实那些夜车，根本用不了8小时时间的，给中国人开4小时不到就可以到，可是他们就是没效率，做事不负责任慢吞吞。day1：广州-河内到了河内机场后，出来就有机场巴士可以坐，一人，当你看到车上的鬼佬鬼妹纷纷下车的时候你也下车好了，下车就是在河内老城区，还剑湖周围。LP上面会有推荐的旅馆，我们当时没有订，路上一路走一路问，最后住在discovery hotel，17美元双人间，老板英语在越南人里面算是非常非常非常好的，沟通不成问的，但是人品不怎么好，骗我们说快过年了金店全都关门了，结果我们在他那里换美元，才给我们120000的汇率，让我们汇率损失了很多。谈钱伤感情啊！其他方面他就做得还是挺好的。在河内晃了一圈，唯一印象深刻的就是一家叫xoi yen的糯米饭，真的超好吃的说！地址在ma may 和hang bac两条路的交界地方，很好认的！ 其他的，我觉得河内都很无聊，而且物价巨高，吃个快餐也要十几，跟深圳都差不多贵了，吃个粽子竟然要10块！传说中的还剑湖小得要死，也没什么好看，大教堂还是不错，但是还是不值得看，就一个巨大的牌坊，无聊得很。 而且越南做生意的人全国都很不地道，狂宰外国人，东西那么贵，才不要买！discovery hotel地址：Luong Ngoc Quyen St., Hoan Kiem Dist. 河内满街都是假的sinh cafe，discovery就在真的新咖啡所在的那条街上的一间叫cafe de paris周围不远的地方，那片区域初到的时候觉得像迷宫一样，一走就迷路。其实走一天以上你就明白就屁大点地方，街也就那几条，卖的东西也都差不多。刚开始你会觉得米粉还算是可以吃的东西，虽然做法很怪异，从一大团粉里面抓一把泡在汤里就给你了，另外给你一大筐草放在你面前，能认得出的有薄荷叶和生菜还有豆芽，其他都认不出，而且味道很冲，有一种我真的无论如何也习惯不了，估计你们也不怎么可能习惯。如下图day2：这个就是xoi yen店里的糯米饭，大概是人民币13块钱一碗，好吃得要死。 升龙剧院的水上木偶戏。不看后悔，看了也就那回事。这个我真不知道是什么，街边卖的东西还剑湖周围看到的，法棍都用筐装。这个跟肠粉差不多，还挺好吃的，就是特别贵，30.000一份这就是那个卖天价肠粉宰我们的阿姨.继续逛河内一整天，去了教堂等地方。其实越南人没有想象中的穷，相反，还很有钱，街上虽然摩托车很多，但是奔驰宝马也不在少数，而且河内那种坑爹的物价，如果收入真的那么低的话绝对活不起。晚上坑爹的sinh tourist没有sleeping bus只有 sitting bus，所以我们很悲惨地坐了一晚硬座去顺化，各种辛苦，而且司机超爱午夜时分停车吵醒所有人吃夜宵，超爱鸣喇叭，超爱随便乱停车，根本没得睡。day3：到达顺化，其实顺化很小，只游览一个上午就够了，而且也确实没什么好看的，就一个很无聊的顺化皇城，戏称北京故宫的厕所。但是顺化有supermarket啊！！！进去一看，两根法棍都超过半米长，加在一起才5500vnd！！！也就是说不到人民币一块钱一根！！！因为是新年，简直就是菊花残满腚伤....越南人新年好像是认为黄色的花比较吉利,所以顺化满街都是菊花,皇城周围更是 堪称菊花的海洋!!!逛完顺化皇城,我们想在顺化多逛逛,所以就成就了我们越南之行的唯一一次超级深度游.半迷路的状态下走了4小时才回到新咖啡的据点. 顺化感觉很像中国的三线城市,很有生活的味道,但是因为过年,全城的店都关了,有点小扫兴. 同时看到了更多生活中的越南人,他们真的很善良.虽然他们大多不会说英语,而我的越南语仅限于"拜托了"和"谢谢你"的程度,他们都会很仔细地给我们指路(虽然只能看懂个方向,一句也听不懂)中午 回到新咖啡等车下午去会安,在周围发现一家无比便宜的果汁店,虽然已经是对我们外国人涨价了,变成了10.000一杯,也就是人民币3块3.除了酸奶和咖啡以及一些水果名字之外什么也看不懂.....([]
绿巨人黄色
林淑慧自去年行走川西以来，一直未能再目睹雪山的圣洁美景，那片洁白经常在梦中如海市蜃楼一般出现，而后坠落惊醒。由于俢研学业，在不多的时间里，和朋友一起不断的计划中，确定了今夏一起走狼塔C+V这一段路。 狼塔这条尽人皆知的线路不需过多介绍，大多数队伍都是自白杨树煤矿向前大油罐开始，翻过白杨沟达坂即进入了狼塔之路，途径台普希玛河河谷经库勒阿特腾达坂进入尔特兰塔河谷，向南翻越蒙特开曾达坂和喀纳尕伊特达坂，顺河谷而下转入V线高山牧场，之后便是一直沿着马道和机耕路行走，直到翻越天格尔达坂和乔愣格尔达坂出山，全程200公里，11天。 同行朋友多来自山东兄弟连的兄弟，分别是军dao，明月，途胜，快乐生活，黄河，高兴就好，我 在这11天说短不短，说长不长的时间里，团结，互助，共同克服困难，才得以完成共同的梦想，才能为这次旅途附上了灵魂，能得以让琐碎的事情再次鲜活的浮现在眼前，能得以细细叙来。谨以这篇游记，对所有队友以及支持，理解我的朋友们致以衷心感谢。在翻越天格尔达坂中，所遇到的祥云奇景5楼：行程安排，装备简介，费用6楼：成员介绍7楼：D0, D18楼：D212楼：D314楼：D422楼：D529楼：D636楼：D740楼：D844楼：D951楼：D1053楼：D119月5日更新视频记录欢迎关注LZ的微信空间山野记事 摄于白杨沟达坂，远方雪山刺破云层，如梦如幻，仿佛仙境。摄于库勒阿特腾达坂下切途中伙伴驻足远望，久久不肯离去。 摄于蒙特开曾达坂，冰川正在融化，冰河将冰川切为两半摄于日落时分绿湖 日落时分喀纳尕伊特达坂下方营地，正值雨后，阳光穿过云层间隙形成的巨大光柱摄于V线高山牧场，这是冬季牧场，植被未遭到牛羊破坏 行程安排：D1：白杨树煤矿山路--喀蜡莫依纳克D2：喀蜡莫依纳克--白杨沟达坂--马鞍营地--河谷山坡营地D3：河谷山坡--河谷--空中栈道--台普希玛河谷--D3营地D4：台河河谷--栈道天路--库勒阿特腾达坂3200m营地D5：3200营地--库勒阿特腾达坂--尔特兰塔河谷--牧民点D6：牧民点--蒙特开曾达坂--喀纳尕伊特达坂--D6营地D7：喀纳尕伊特达坂河谷--金矿--转入V线--乌兰达坂--恽札D8：恽札--夏热达坂--呼河三岔口--沼泽地--绿湖D9：绿湖--乌拉布图达坂--废弃金矿D10：废弃金矿营地--三屯河--天格尔达坂--D10营地D11：营地--乔愣格尔达坂--农大林场公共装备：海事卫星电话（感谢长春科罗娜提供）GPS两部：罗兰+佳明定向指南针自制50M等高线地图25M辅绳攀岩快挂*7120MM扁带*7工兵铲喷雾医药包（白加黑，酒精，碘伏，肌苷，环丙沙星，泻立停，佐匹克隆，硝苯地平，止痛片，赛肤润，止痛膏，云南白药等）电池：铁锂干电池共22节气罐：人均2-3中罐主要食品：个人按照食品热值携带2500大卡*11 的食物总量。路餐：能量棒+能量胶 =1KG费用：山区往返乌市来回租车费用1700元往返济南火车票费用1100元/每人乌市住宿费用130元/间买羊1000元各种腐败及采购公共装备费用人均约2500元 成员介绍：从左向右分别是：我，途胜，明月，军dao，快乐生活，高兴就好，黄河军dao：团队领队，退伍军人，负责路线辨识，尽职尽责。明月：团队领队军需官，负责攻略制作，财务，以及大多数进山前的工作，背负大量公共装备。途胜：热心的好队员好朋友。性情中人。快乐：退伍军人，体力非常强，第一次长线就是C+V，表现完美。高兴：非常富有户外经验的强驴，热心，也是退伍军人，来自辽宁。黄河：来自山东东营，体力非常好，此行我的搭档。我：团队导航，参与攻略，负责GPS，及大线路辨识。 D0 8月10日晴 初到乌鲁木齐的感觉似曾相识，蓝天，白云，清爽的空气和阳光，让一切明暗分明，强烈的反差给人的那种不真实感仿佛又让我回到了高原。元素大哥和三叶草姐姐热情接待了我们，简单安顿后与他们共进午餐，话简单，随和，享受着志同道合之人之间碰触的特有引力。后记：后来得知，乌鲁木齐仅在这几个月空气比较清爽，冬季的乌市污染较为严重。D1 8月11日 晴转阴雨 “迈着沉重的步伐，我感觉我差不多要透支了，重，好重，今天才第一天，难道我的狼塔之行要结束了？” 今天是进入天山的第一天，从乌市包车到起点需要三个多小时，由于前几天山区降雨，道路被毁，离原计划进山起点大油罐提早3公里左右开始徒步，山区大量的雨水阻碍了我们的行进，早早的便开始切上山坡上的羊道，这极大的阻碍了我们的速度，消耗了过多体力，昨天喝醉的我在下午3点以后开始体力不支，这时候又开始下起雨来，不得不开始扎营，今天我们离原定宿营点距离6公里，离白杨沟达坂最近的营地距离8公里。从此处进山，比大油罐远2-3公里第一天适度的过河，可以减轻体力上的消耗 D2 8月12日 晴转阴 “今天的状态很好，很容易便登上了达坂，阳光驱散了弥留在山脊的迷雾，天山慢慢揭开了她的面纱。但随风而来的云层为艰难的下撤蒙上了迷雾。我不是一名合格的导航，错上再错这种任性的决定有时候会让队伍陷入险境。” 早晨的阳光多少冲淡一些昨天留下的心理压力，向明月索要了止痛药，因怕昨天的糟糕状态延续导致无法翻越白杨沟达坂拖后了队伍进度，作为队伍的线路导航，今天的任务之重恐怕只有我一个人有之正确认识。早晨不到10点出发，下午3点后开始翻越白杨沟达坂，晚上11点前到达营地已经是不可能的任务了，白杨沟达坂，这座从前的雪山，它无时无刻不在向我们证实着它被炸毁前的巍峨。3850米，天山在这个高度上第一次迎接了我们，登上达坂的一刻，我们看到了它严肃的面容。 简短的拍照留念后，漫长的下撤，迷雾四起，黑暗逐渐降临，伤腿膝盖隐隐作痛，到达马鞍营地的时间为11点，哈萨牧民很热情，愿意提供水，但队员商量后决定继续下撤到水源处露营，我也没有提出露营，大约1个小时后找到一片有水的小营地，因为太小，我提出继续下降寻找营地，这个决定导致浪费了一个多小时才开始露营。在愧疚中，我慢慢睡着了。转过山坡，即可望见白杨沟达坂下布满碎石的冰川遗迹 白杨沟达坂冰川云中走来---位于白杨沟达坂，这座曾经的雪山是狼塔之路的第一道门槛，因矿物勘探和牧业需要70年代后被炸毁，但3850米的海拔至今仍然是阻挡徒步者的拦路虎 远处的河源峰（狼塔） D3 阴转小到中雨 “泥泞，湿滑，冰冷的河水，给昨天劳累的我们当头一棒，但是路上的马蹄灵芝一朵又一朵，让我们兴奋了好一阵子，晚上温暖的篝火驱散了白天的劳累，仿佛又活过来了。”今天的主要任务是延河谷而下，进入空中栈道，走过塌方区，沿着右侧山坡横切，辅以过河，但是早晨便开始下雨，山里本来河水就大，这一下子更是雪上加霜，第一次过河很谨慎，冰冷的水冻的大家不忍叫出声来，更痛苦的莫过于在山坡横切，泥巴很滑，每一步都很吃力，走不过去的湿滑路段军dao就用工兵铲挖坑落脚缓慢推进，今天行进速度很慢很慢，只走了预定计划的一半，在碎石坡前找了一处山坡扎营烤火。后记：传说中的老虎嘴塌方区我并没有太多印象，想来当时应该是向上走小路切过去了。由于全天下雨，照片甚少过河采用120mm扁带制作简易胸带，用攀岩快挂连接6MM辅绳的方式做保护过河。后记：鉴于今年狼塔事故，我补充一点，由于7，8月河水很急，绳索保护是必须的，即使独行，也应做好双绳保护；由于河水声音很大，队伍应做好手语准备。 D4 8月14日 小雨转阴 “相信自己，相信伙伴，是最大的能量。” 早晨醒来，身体各种不适，感冒，有旧伤的腿痛，想继续吃止痛片，但是又放了回去，我想不能让止痛片陪伴我全程，否则情况会越来越坏，我向明月说明了我伤腿的情况，他主动提出帮我减负，他替我背负800g面条，军dao提出减慢行进速度，就这样，我们今天继续在湿滑中开始行进。 今天走过碎石坡后过河转为左侧山坡横切，我想这便是所谓的天路，中途经过几次栈道，缺少止痛片的腿在屡屡作痛，湿滑的山路右侧便是深渊，危险让我暂时忘记了伤痛，咬着牙，在麻木中到了库勒阿特腾达坂半山腰的3200M营地。碎石坡栈道台河源头3200M营地 D5 8月15日 阴转晴“太阳驱散的阴霾，我们终于迎来了蓝天，今天是快乐的一天，蓝天，白云，雪山，花香，蝴蝶，还有期待已久的羊肉。”早晨醒来，在迷雾中拔营，能见度很低，只能利用GPS航点和定向指南针找到上达坂的方向，随着海拔的升高，阴霾渐渐散去，云层终于撕开了一道口子，阳光投射到山坡上，很温暖。。。登上达坂后，队员们用卫星电话向家人报平安，大家都很快乐。远处的雪山也渐渐露出真容，在欢呼与振奋中，下山第一次变得那么令人享受。中午，在山坡上沐浴阳光，吃饭，晒装备，聊天，一切都是暖洋洋的。尔特兰塔河谷是美丽的，但也是冰冷的，14次渡河令人崩溃，但是，大家都为了一个目而不知疲倦的走着，那就是-----羊肉！哈萨牧民很热情，请我们喝茶，吃油饼子，羊肉也是美味的，至今无法想象只放一把盐巴的羊肉汤为何那么美味。位于库勒阿特腾达坂旁的云雾正被强烈的阳光驱散，久违的蓝天又出现了，意味着今日的行程将不再泥泞。 尔特兰塔河支流，前方山谷汇集成汹涌的尔特兰塔河 从此以后，每天午饭时间都要例行晒装备 热情好客哈萨牧民的将自己的主要食品---油饼子拿出来一起分享，有一种淡淡的羊膻味“香香的，甜甜的”羊肉汤-----哈萨牧民说 D6 8月16日 晴转雪转晴“告别草原，登上冰川，与大雪打个照面，太阳打开天门，与乌云赛跑，今天很梦幻”今天有一块硬骨头，3900M的蒙特开曾冰川达坂，早晨睡了懒觉，吃了羊肉，养足了精力就为了它。冰川上的雪正在融化，水流在冰体上冲出一条渠道，我们小心翼翼的迈过冰河，沿着右侧艰难的翻过了这座古老的冰川。刚翻过达坂，云雾便从背后扑来，不得不赶紧下降，而后又降下冰雹和雪，好天气才持续一天又是这样，心灰意冷，麻木的走着。一小时后，雪停了，远处的山坡泛起一道金光，天开了。。。天气逐渐晴朗起来，整个山脉云气逐渐散去，太奇妙了，云雨散去仿佛只是一瞬，蓝天又回归了。翻过喀纳尕伊特达坂后，回头张望一朵乌云正扑面而来，仿佛在与我们赛跑，有着张开大口想吞噬一切一般的架势。队员们在享受这来之不易的清晨，许久没有这么闲暇过了。此时我坐在草地上，看着雪山，吃着羊肉，享受着这来自天山的馈赠。伙伴们在等待辨认路线。 蒙达坂下的营地。翻越蒙达坂冰川中 雪雨后云雨散去的速度令人惊异。彩虹隐约可见。 从达坂奔涌而下的云雾，逐渐将我们吞噬，随后被强烈的阳光驱散。 万丈光芒日落金光 D7 8月17日 晴“老天为我们的午餐准备了一条清水小河，饭后干涸了，我们踩着河床走了过去，享受着神的恩赐”今天是转入V线的第一天，山坡行走，不多的几次过河，一小段陡坡横切，很舒服，仿佛很久没这么放松过了。唯一的问就是那条充满泥浆的黄水河，此河因上游开矿充满泥沙，不见底，只能上山坡横切，有少许危险。过河后准备午餐，黄水河的水不能饮用，就向前继续走找到了一条清水小河，谁知午餐过后河竟然干涸了，没有一点水，连河床都是干干的，我们都非常吃惊。真是遇到奇怪事了。 美丽的高山牧场营地很棒，5星每天早晨在帐内烧水做饭是必不可少的事情([]
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张翠廷如诗如画的校园绿草如茵的校园辛勤苦读的莘莘学子 南洋理工大学，英文NanyangTechnological University，缩写为NTU，简称“南大”。 南大是新加坡的一所公立研究型大学。此大学的主要校园，也被称为“云南园”，位于新加坡的西南部。南大是一所享誉国际，位列全球大学50强的高等教育学府，是国际商学院联合会AACSB International认证的大学，为全球科技大学联盟成员和创始校。 南大是1991年在原南洋大学校址“云南园”上建立的，它前身是1981年成立的南洋理工学院，更早的历史可追溯到1955年由东南亚民间发动筹款运动而创办起来的南洋大学。 1991年，南洋理工学院进行重组，正式将国立教育学院纳入旗下，更名为南洋理工大学。它是全世界最出色的工程学府之一，在纳米材料、生物材料、功能性陶瓷和高分子材料等许多领域的研究上享有盛誉。 南大设有工、理、商、文四大学院，下设12所学院，并拥有国立教育学院及拉惹勒南国际研究院两个自主机构，为超过20000名本科生及8700名研究生学员提供国际一流的高品质全球教育，吸引着来自区域内及世界各地的众多精英学者。来自40多个国家的2500名优秀教职及科研人员，形成雄厚的师资力量，其丰富多元的教学及研究经验，为南大提供了广阔的国际视野和发展前景。 2014年 QS 世界大学排名位于41，其中传播媒体领域排名第6，材料工程领域排名第8，电机工程领域排名第10。2013年 QS 世界大学排名位于41，其中土木工程领域排名第8，传播媒体领域排名第11，机械工程领域排名第11。 南大以其郁葱的景色及波形的地形而闻名，离市中心25千米。校园被誉为世界最美丽的大学校园之一，它为教授提供自由教学和研究的最好环境。 漫步在南大如诗如画的校园，你仿佛置身优美的花园之中。请跟随我的镜头到南大参观一番，感受一下南洋风情的高等学府。 此贴是感受新加坡系列帖子的收尾之作，谢谢观赏。 同时3月29日也是新加坡人送别该国国父、建国总理李光耀的日子，民众冒雨送别。李光耀先生是新加坡共和国的缔造者，也是广受国际社会尊重的政治家和战略家。他还是中国人民老朋友，是中新关系的开拓者。感受新加坡之一——漫步岛国看狮城 干净清新亦繁华（概述篇） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休闲小岛走不停 亚洲最南寻风情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&;tid=2182169&page=1&extra=#pid50347652感受新加坡之三——参天巨树生满园热带风情绿无限（植物园篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&;tid=2231866&;page=1&;extra=#pid53500784感受新加坡之四——绿意充盈总统府世外桃源乌敏岛（总统府和乌敏岛篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海风轻拂鱼尾狮 流光溢彩夜迟迟（滨海湾篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——狮城国花胡姬花千姿百态芬芳开（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2299743&page=1&extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里寻缩影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html感受新加坡之八——立体交通路纵横街道小区绿充盈（交通和街道篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2326625-1-1.html 感受新加坡之九——狮城春节气息浓牛车水里最喜庆（春节和牛车水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html 感受新加坡之十——方式灵活有初院 环境优美好校园（南初篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2344728-1-1.html 南大门厅之一 校园外的公交站 讲学厅之一 校园内风光 南大风光 南大走廊 南大课堂 学术交流 绿草萋萋的校园 新加坡分布图 美丽的校舍 南大风光 南国风情的校园 校内体育场 学校公交站 宁静的校园 绿色的校园 课堂上 学习中 南大校内快餐店 丰盛的食品 各种名吃荟萃的校内食堂 绿色充盈的校园 校园内的热带植物 校园内的椰子树 优美的走廊 校内的潺潺流水 绿色校园 校内走廊([]
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杨升海我和老头儿都属于那种爱幻想却懒于行动的人，如果说年轻的时候还有那么点冲动和冲劲，现在已然过而立近不惑，越发的懒了，很多事情只是想想，时间久了就了无声息了。 “咱俩去西藏吧！”这个念头去年就有了，但当时真的只是想一想，说一说，什么时候能去？猴年马月~~ 看别人进藏的贴子，只能欣赏之余，外加羡慕嫉妒恨！~~ 今年五月，正好老头儿单位合同到期，打算换个环境，不续了。我早两年也辞职自己做点小生意，这年头小本生意难做，索性就这个机会去西藏，此时不去更待何时~~ 开始准备，说实话，一边准备着也一边纠结着，这是真滴嘛，真滴要去西藏了？~~原打算五月末出发，后因为家里有事，一拖再拖，有那么一段时间感觉这次又要泡汤了，心情很低落。人生怎么就那么纠结！~~ 终于，六月下旬的时候，决定无论准备到什么程度，七月初出发，定了三个日期，7月3日，5日，或7日。 后于7月5日下午6点于大连家里出发，西藏圆梦之旅终于启程了~~~DAY 1 大连旅顺港--山东东营港 DAY 2 山东东营--河南洛阳 DAY 3 洛阳--西安 游西安兵马俑 DAY 4 西安--九寨沟 夜宿九寨沟 DAY 5 九寨沟一日游 DAY 6 阿坝松潘县--成都 夜宿成都 DAY 7 成都 成都大熊猫基地，宽窄巷子DAY 8 成都--德昌 夜宿德昌服务区 DAY 9 德昌--丽江 德昌服务区，攀枝花，丽江DAY 10 丽江 丽江古城，拉丽海DAY 11 丽江--大理 DAY 12 大理 大理古城，洱海公园DAY 13 大理--香格里拉，夜住迪庆 DAY 14 香格里拉--曲孜卡乡 迪庆，德钦，盐井，曲孜卡乡DAY 15 曲孜卡--左贡 曲孜卡，芒康，左贡DAY 16 左贡--波密 左贡，邦达，八宿，然乌，波密DAY 17 勇过通麦天险 波密，通麦，鲁朗，林芝，巴松措DAY 18 到达圣城拉萨 巴松措，墨竹工卡，拉萨DAY 19 拉萨 DAY 20 布达拉宫 DAY 21 拉萨 --那木措 大昭寺，八廓街，当雄，那木措DAY 22 那木措--雁石坪 DAY 23 雁石坪--格尔木 雁石坪--沱沱河--格尔木DAY 24 格尔木-敦煌 莫高窟DAY 25 张掖丹霞地貌 瓜州，嘉峪关，张掖DAY 26 张掖 --银川 DAY 27 吃包头小肥羊总店 银川，包头DAY 28 游格根塔拉草原 包头，呼市，怀安DAY 29 贡格尔草原露营 怀安，克什克腾，贡格尔草原DAY 30 克什克腾--大连 先来介绍下准备活动：车辆是两厢小车，不足两年，车况没问。之前看其它进藏的贴子，也提到西藏住宿的不方便，一是藏民的生活习惯怕不适应，二是遇到路毁堵车的时候又坐地起价。三是不想赶路，随心随性，遇到合适的地方就可以住下，这样最好！一路下来，三十天，我们只住了6天店，其它全住在车里，西藏境内睡觉全部床车解决，西藏的温度真的很适合睡车里，不冷不热，很舒服。关于这次旅行的各项费用这里做个总结：1，加油费：5195元（11517公里）2，过路费：2943元（高速2828，省道115）3，门票费：2096元4，住宿费：702元（6天）5，外食费：974元（包括饭店和小吃）6，车保养费：451元。7，药品：67元8，保险：66元9，船票：900元10，其它买菜买水果停车费等等杂费：1119元----------------------------总计：14513元。11，再加上之前准备物资和车辆改装的花费大约1000元。----------------------------总计：15000左右。心得：其实还算省的，毕竟30天，一万多公里。平均每天也就不到500块钱，要吃要喝要住要玩要加油要跑路，想想，是不是很省了，用我老头儿的话说，省到家了。 DAY 1 大连旅顺港--山东东营港 7月5日，第一天，坐船到东营，晚10点到第二天早5点，7个小时在船上，就是睡觉！7月5日花销：1，船票：880元（190*2+500）2，甲板票：20元3，大连境内高速：15元---------------------总计：915元DAY 2 山东东营--河南洛阳 第二天，7月6日，没什么具体安排，就是赶路，从东营向西安方向，能滚多远滚多远。晚饭的时候不太饿，吃的桃子，没做饭。7月6日花销：1，加油：240元（山东利津服务区，7.83元/升）2，山东境内高速费：1103，河北境内高速费 90+115=2054，加油：240（河南安阳服务区，7.78元/升）-----------------总计：795元 第三天，7月7日，重要景点：西安兵马俑7月7日花销：1，加油250 陕西南沙服务区 7.78元/升2，河南省内高速费：1453，陕西省内高速费：75元4，兵马俑门票：300元5，兵马俑电瓶车票：10元6，兵马俑停车费：20元7，公交车：8元8，小吃：84元9，住宿：148元（西安加利利快捷酒店）------------------------总计：1040元。([]
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涂正伟KKKKKKKKKKK关于食物 装备总重在200斤左右，包含车子本身。其中食物总计100斤左右，分列如下。 主食：糌粑50斤（丢弃一斤），压缩饼干25斤。 辅食：大蒜4.5斤（腐烂半斤），酥油4斤，花生米4斤，盐2斤，麦片2斤（丢弃一斤），紫菜1.5斤，辣椒粉1.5斤，奶粉1斤，白糖1斤，茶叶1斤，巧克力0.5斤，虾皮0.5斤，调料包0.5斤。 食物以糌粑和压缩饼干为主，零食可忽略不计。在羌塘大体力环境下，每日摄取热量至少应在5000大卡，显然食物携带量要达到这一指是不可能的。上世纪早期以斯文赫定为代表的西方人首次触及这片神秘疆域，虽然他们带了大批活羊鸡什么的，但捕猎还是非常重要的补给手段，那时野生动物太多了，也没有现在的动物保护观念。能坚持就不要打动物的主意，再则一个人在没有机动装备情况下猎杀动物是非常难的，没有想的那么浪漫。言归正传，本次旅行每天摄取食物热量有如下四个阶段。 一、克制期，前45天里每天摄取热量在1400大卡左右，大致4两糌粑和2.5两压缩饼干，一些汤料为辅。摄取热量属于中度饥俄状态，下午四点以后基本就无力了。此阶段食物控制的极为严格，以至于45天里消耗的主食才30斤（另有三天意外补给，后文详述）。 二、提升期，由于前期食物控制非常成功，所以总行程过3/5，食物却消耗2/5，因此每日口粮提升至5两糌粑和3.75两压缩饼干。但仅一周后，食物就完全失控了。 三、失控期，从第52天开始，食物完全失控，原因既有生理上的需求，也有精神上的欲望，每天夜不能寐，脑海中总是一幅山珍海味的蜃景。控制力低下时，干吃糌粑粉都能吃掉半斤，如零食般。 四、超控期，第64天开始至74天遇人救助，每天食物热量摄取不足800大卡，少于身体基本代谢量。 从食物种类上可以看出，为了控制负重，食物以热量转换效率高的碳水化合物为主。零食基本没有，花生米都觉得不该带，因为后期会控制不住，花生米会被当做美食很快消耗掉。全程无肉，吃过一次蔬菜，微量元素靠金施尔康。没有动物脂肪的缺点是，抗寒力和身体耐力会下降，例如生活在北极圈的爱斯基摩人，不吃肉是没法长久活下去的。 水，始终是个大问，期间断水多次。后期虽雨季水多，河系泛滥，但水质多混杂不堪，时而无奈。纵观全程，饮用清洁地表水的天数约占20%，融雪和矿水（包括轻度盐碱水、泥沙水等）各占40%。可见若无雪则命不保，当然轻度盐碱水喝多了麻烦是非常大的， 我仔细查看了杨同志的关于食物的帖子，对吃的食物做了以下计算：前45天消耗糌粑18斤压缩饼干12.5斤，45-52天消耗糌粑3.5斤压缩饼干2.6斤，64-74天每天摄取800大卡《糌粑每千克热量为3390》合消耗2.4斤糌粑，那么第52-64天的食物应该是糌粑50-18-3.5-2.4=26.1斤和压缩饼干25-12.5-2.6=9.9斤，这一段时间每天的消耗为糌粑2.1斤和0.82斤压缩饼干，我没有吃过糌粑，不知道一个人一天能否吃得下？ 同时也请告知 穿越出来后体重下降多少好计算脂肪代谢产生的能量。 关于汽油的消耗：总共只带8.6升，平均每天仅有0.115升，93号汽油的热值是48MJ每KG，看那边水温不会高于10度，气压低沸点低些，化雪时消耗更多热量，有时还取暖，而且小杨同志有喝茶的习惯，这点汽油够每天用吗？ 注意看完第二页再回帖 关于托包问：看到小杨同志带了2个后驮包，2个前驮包，车把上也有一个包，后货架还有一个，我想知道这些包容积分别有多大，物品是怎样分装的，好让我仔细计算各种物品能否装进包里，虽然通过照片也基本上能判断各个包的体积，但有具体数据会更好。 另外从下面照片中可以看出车子有明显的不同，如三脚架下瓶子及捆绑绳不同，后货架绑带不同，多了把铲子，大撑不见了《帖子中得知是你拆的》等，容易让人怀疑是不是同一辆车。 关于轮胎问：看帖得知中途没有换过轮胎，可仔细对比前后期轮胎照片，感觉轮胎花纹有些不同，不知道是不是轮胎磨损造成的。如果轮胎花纹确实不同，而没有科学的解释，那么就说明很多问了，这一点非常重要。还有车和包有时很脏有时很干净，难道中途洗了几次装备吗？最后大家对比中图和上楼图中的前轮托架，看他们的构造是否相同，前车前托架有2根横梁连接到避震杆上，后车只有一根横梁连接，这真是同一辆车吗？本人才疏学浅，希望各学科的馿友从各自专业的角度参与分析，给小杨同志一个肯定。看到N多回复感觉不爽！大家的心理我都明白，假如有一天有人证实这次穿越掺了水分，你们又该做何感想！“逆流之河”77天穿越曾深深的震撼了我！同为“独行馿”很难想象他是怎么完成如此艰难的穿越，可如今留给我的是深深的失望，我相信你到了里面，而且不止一次进入，就算你带了后援，或者分几段完成穿越，你还是受人尊敬的，可你不该编出一个“独自77天穿越”的故事来骗大家，也许你有你的苦衷，也许是为了那该死的名利。。。。。。你欠大家一个道歉！勇敢的站出来吧！其实大家就是不愿意相信有假，多仔细看看后面那辆车确实跟前面不是同样的，明摆着的事！一味的崇拜！对我用最恶毒的语言也无法掩盖事实的真相！只能说明你们更可悲！ 又发现新证据，大家仔细看图中的防潮垫，数一数上面的凹凸花纹，这是2张不同的防潮垫！经再次查看，这个证据站不住脚，失误了。 很晚了！休息了昨晚失误了，今天继续找证据，真的假不了，假的真不了，不着急。 63天前货架是好的64天前货架是好的67天帖子中原文： 还是坚持着，推了三百多米，猛然把车一摞，骂了句，还真以为我是玩杂技的啊！然后回头去找拆散的车架。把车拼好，能拆的零件都拆掉，剩链条搞不掂，又回头找拆炼器，第一次用，兴奋，以为很精密很技术，很快捷的把链条拆了。这时又发现，后货架一侧断了，其实也没什么大不了的了。6MM钢筋，在螺丝间都加了橡胶垫片，避免硬连接的金属疲劳，极端的环境下还是不行。前货架也是用6MM钢筋焊接的，除了绣，一切都好，负重不多了，驮包置前，轻物置后，够用了。 今天，是自行车的崩溃之日，最具崩溃代表性的不是轮胎或钢货架，而是脚撑。很有故事，道来。因为去年羌塘之行深刻意识到拍照很辛苦，原因之一就是要把自行车放倒、再扶起，看似简单，却极耗体力精力，流失很多拍照机会。一般的单脚撑基本上瞬间弯，钢制的无法保持大负重的自行车平衡，所以特地寻了一款类似摩托车的双叉中架脚撑，试验很不错，可羌塘实际地貌是不适合的，地太软，脚撑难以平衡，所以一次未用，但又拆不下来，（由于其固定结构很顽固，又没带匹配大扳手，尝试无数次无用）。每每看着这脚撑，觉得委屈，两斤多重的无用货，早知换成备用鞋。也是在今天，奇迹发生，脚撑松动，两端螺丝用手就拎开了，终于卸了这负担。 晚上又失眠，除了想吃的流口水外，还想着脚撑的重量可以换些什么好吃的带。 原文第一段最后一句说前货架一切都好，第二段第一句说最具崩溃性的不是轮胎或货架，而是脚撑。下图已经明白证实前货架有一边中间梁没有了。现在可以肯定前左货架坏了吧！ 73天照片显示货架却是好的，怎么说法，难道带了电焊机吗？关于我的私人情况吗？以后大家就会明白我是个什么样的人，一些与我有过节的人故意断章取意趁机攻击我，我坦然面对。。。。。。我现在没有精力理那般小人。 去山里转了2天出来，没有上网，今天继续找证据，刚才从藏羚羊群的图片看出点端倪，可是帖子已经用文字把漏洞封了，在很多有漏洞的地方，帖子总能用文字修补。。。要找到更多的证据恐怕需要花更多的时间。不过通过搜索知道有很多科学考察队和其他人员进入过里面，相信会有解开谜底的那一天，我会继续努力寻找证据，绝不会中途停止。看你们这些可怜的人！人肉我又如何，没有办法推翻我的观点只能采取这种下三滥的手段，人肉也不详细些，我是买不起装备的人吗？我是没受过高等教育的人吗？特别要鄙视那些桂林本地的混帐东西，就因为我来自阳朔乡下，创建了桂林先行者户外AA群，抢了你们的饭碗，盖过了你们的风头，你们就想方设法搞臭我，你们能办到吗？我们桂林先行者户外群为什么能不断状大，能健康成长，我为什么能受到群友的爱戴，为什么你们不想想原因呢？你们不是很会人肉吗！为什么搜不到我上周末的行踪呢？难道你们瞎了眼看不到桂林先行者几十人的队伍行走在香花岭古道吗？([]
为爱搞点事羞羞答答青苹果
许湖娥Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang"; means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth
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