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西藏，我回来了！——《第一站，感受杭州》 我说过， 我的一生必须有三藏。 只是未曾预料到实现的如此迅速。 原计划今年的年休假去新疆，然而在九月下旬，一拔又一拔的人都已经出发了，而我却因为职业的关系，七、八、九三个月不能休假，未能赶上。 接着朋友又打来电话邀我去尼泊尔，我丝毫未犹豫，一口应承下来，结果因为时间关系，护照未办理下来，扫兴放弃。。。 随着假期的来临，郁闷的我竟然神使鬼差的在航空公司的网站秒杀了一张从杭州飞往重庆的特价机票，接着便顺理成章的确定了西藏的行程。 10月11日，上午8：00到达杭州，入住杭州的“春暖花开”青年客栈，客栈的名字虽然很骚，给人感觉却一般，貌似所有客栈的老板，对男人都不热情，当然，女老板除外。客栈的大床房与周边宾馆的价格相差无几，但我还是喜欢青年客栈的氛围。 感谢浙江的四月安安，听说我路过杭州，特地从义乌赶到杭州为我充当向导，虽然向导有些路盲，但还是陪我渡过了开心的一天。 10月11日，上午8：00到达杭州，入住杭州的“春暖花开”青年客栈 西藏，我又来了！——《第二站：走马观花游重庆》 重庆作为我的中转站，有意多停留几日，无奈时间紧迫，只好走马观花的逛了解放碑和老街。虽然行“摄”匆匆，但也并非无收获，至少我感受到了老街厚重的历史和解放碑浮燥的繁华，走过解放碑和老街两个不远的地方，却似乎穿越了一个世纪，这种体验前所未有。我在想，如果有机会再到重庆，我会用更长的时间慢慢领会她的魅力之所在，虽然现在留下了一些遗憾，但这点遗憾却是美妙的，让我有想念她的时候。 苏州美女，水乡养育水样的美 事实证明，苏杭出美女现象延续千年不衰。 史上最可怜的东坡肉，无奈已饥肠辘辘，对付一下吧。 午餐的时候，在西湖的旁品尝了传说中的西湖醋鱼，NND，两个字：坑爷！ 吴山广场随拍 吴山广场随拍 吴山广场随拍 西湖随拍 西湖随拍 西湖随拍 又见印象，时间关系，无缘一睹天堂一景。 西湖随拍 西湖随拍 雷峰塔旁的放生池，满满一池塘的巴西龟，罪过罪过。。 客栈的大床房与周边宾馆的价格相差无几，但我还是喜欢青年客栈的氛围。 客栈的名字虽然很骚，给人感觉却一般，貌似所有客栈的老板，对男人都不热情，当然，女老板除外。 重庆老街客栈，虽然很破旧，却很允满着浓浓亲切的气息 客栈门口走廊的涂鸦别致有趣 客栈的露天酒吧 客栈周边的民房 郁郁葱葱的爬墙虎覆盖着客栈的外墙，就像穿上了绿装。 和很多青年客栈一样，屋内的白墙上留满了旅行者的杰作。 客栈一角 很遗憾，在客栈没有找到8264的小黄旗，于是我慷慨的赞助了一面，客栈的老板很喜欢，立刻放到了客栈最显眼的地方。 解放碑有很多生动而且惟妙惟肖的铜像，最喜欢这个，真想和他对酌一番。(
最新章节： 第521章 梦幻西游 （ 2024-06-04 16:58:12）
更新时间： 2024-06-04 14:48:51
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张玉凤Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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郭睿纬KKKKKKKKKKK关于食物 装备总重在200斤左右，包含车子本身。其中食物总计100斤左右，分列如下。 主食：糌粑50斤（丢弃一斤），压缩饼干25斤。 辅食：大蒜4.5斤（腐烂半斤），酥油4斤，花生米4斤，盐2斤，麦片2斤（丢弃一斤），紫菜1.5斤，辣椒粉1.5斤，奶粉1斤，白糖1斤，茶叶1斤，巧克力0.5斤，虾皮0.5斤，调料包0.5斤。 食物以糌粑和压缩饼干为主，零食可忽略不计。在羌塘大体力环境下，每日摄取热量至少应在5000大卡，显然食物携带量要达到这一指是不可能的。上世纪早期以斯文赫定为代表的西方人首次触及这片神秘疆域，虽然他们带了大批活羊鸡什么的，但捕猎还是非常重要的补给手段，那时野生动物太多了，也没有现在的动物保护观念。能坚持就不要打动物的主意，再则一个人在没有机动装备情况下猎杀动物是非常难的，没有想的那么浪漫。言归正传，本次旅行每天摄取食物热量有如下四个阶段。 一、克制期，前45天里每天摄取热量在1400大卡左右，大致4两糌粑和2.5两压缩饼干，一些汤料为辅。摄取热量属于中度饥俄状态，下午四点以后基本就无力了。此阶段食物控制的极为严格，以至于45天里消耗的主食才30斤（另有三天意外补给，后文详述）。 二、提升期，由于前期食物控制非常成功，所以总行程过3/5，食物却消耗2/5，因此每日口粮提升至5两糌粑和3.75两压缩饼干。但仅一周后，食物就完全失控了。 三、失控期，从第52天开始，食物完全失控，原因既有生理上的需求，也有精神上的欲望，每天夜不能寐，脑海中总是一幅山珍海味的蜃景。控制力低下时，干吃糌粑粉都能吃掉半斤，如零食般。 四、超控期，第64天开始至74天遇人救助，每天食物热量摄取不足800大卡，少于身体基本代谢量。 从食物种类上可以看出，为了控制负重，食物以热量转换效率高的碳水化合物为主。零食基本没有，花生米都觉得不该带，因为后期会控制不住，花生米会被当做美食很快消耗掉。全程无肉，吃过一次蔬菜，微量元素靠金施尔康。没有动物脂肪的缺点是，抗寒力和身体耐力会下降，例如生活在北极圈的爱斯基摩人，不吃肉是没法长久活下去的。 水，始终是个大问，期间断水多次。后期虽雨季水多，河系泛滥，但水质多混杂不堪，时而无奈。纵观全程，饮用清洁地表水的天数约占20%，融雪和矿水（包括轻度盐碱水、泥沙水等）各占40%。可见若无雪则命不保，当然轻度盐碱水喝多了麻烦是非常大的， 我仔细查看了杨同志的关于食物的帖子，对吃的食物做了以下计算：前45天消耗糌粑18斤压缩饼干12.5斤，45-52天消耗糌粑3.5斤压缩饼干2.6斤，64-74天每天摄取800大卡《糌粑每千克热量为3390》合消耗2.4斤糌粑，那么第52-64天的食物应该是糌粑50-18-3.5-2.4=26.1斤和压缩饼干25-12.5-2.6=9.9斤，这一段时间每天的消耗为糌粑2.1斤和0.82斤压缩饼干，我没有吃过糌粑，不知道一个人一天能否吃得下？ 同时也请告知 穿越出来后体重下降多少好计算脂肪代谢产生的能量。 关于汽油的消耗：总共只带8.6升，平均每天仅有0.115升，93号汽油的热值是48MJ每KG，看那边水温不会高于10度，气压低沸点低些，化雪时消耗更多热量，有时还取暖，而且小杨同志有喝茶的习惯，这点汽油够每天用吗？ 注意看完第二页再回帖 关于托包问：看到小杨同志带了2个后驮包，2个前驮包，车把上也有一个包，后货架还有一个，我想知道这些包容积分别有多大，物品是怎样分装的，好让我仔细计算各种物品能否装进包里，虽然通过照片也基本上能判断各个包的体积，但有具体数据会更好。 另外从下面照片中可以看出车子有明显的不同，如三脚架下瓶子及捆绑绳不同，后货架绑带不同，多了把铲子，大撑不见了《帖子中得知是你拆的》等，容易让人怀疑是不是同一辆车。 关于轮胎问：看帖得知中途没有换过轮胎，可仔细对比前后期轮胎照片，感觉轮胎花纹有些不同，不知道是不是轮胎磨损造成的。如果轮胎花纹确实不同，而没有科学的解释，那么就说明很多问了，这一点非常重要。还有车和包有时很脏有时很干净，难道中途洗了几次装备吗？最后大家对比中图和上楼图中的前轮托架，看他们的构造是否相同，前车前托架有2根横梁连接到避震杆上，后车只有一根横梁连接，这真是同一辆车吗？本人才疏学浅，希望各学科的馿友从各自专业的角度参与分析，给小杨同志一个肯定。看到N多回复感觉不爽！大家的心理我都明白，假如有一天有人证实这次穿越掺了水分，你们又该做何感想！“逆流之河”77天穿越曾深深的震撼了我！同为“独行馿”很难想象他是怎么完成如此艰难的穿越，可如今留给我的是深深的失望，我相信你到了里面，而且不止一次进入，就算你带了后援，或者分几段完成穿越，你还是受人尊敬的，可你不该编出一个“独自77天穿越”的故事来骗大家，也许你有你的苦衷，也许是为了那该死的名利。。。。。。你欠大家一个道歉！勇敢的站出来吧！其实大家就是不愿意相信有假，多仔细看看后面那辆车确实跟前面不是同样的，明摆着的事！一味的崇拜！对我用最恶毒的语言也无法掩盖事实的真相！只能说明你们更可悲！ 又发现新证据，大家仔细看图中的防潮垫，数一数上面的凹凸花纹，这是2张不同的防潮垫！经再次查看，这个证据站不住脚，失误了。 很晚了！休息了昨晚失误了，今天继续找证据，真的假不了，假的真不了，不着急。 63天前货架是好的64天前货架是好的67天帖子中原文： 还是坚持着，推了三百多米，猛然把车一摞，骂了句，还真以为我是玩杂技的啊！然后回头去找拆散的车架。把车拼好，能拆的零件都拆掉，剩链条搞不掂，又回头找拆炼器，第一次用，兴奋，以为很精密很技术，很快捷的把链条拆了。这时又发现，后货架一侧断了，其实也没什么大不了的了。6MM钢筋，在螺丝间都加了橡胶垫片，避免硬连接的金属疲劳，极端的环境下还是不行。前货架也是用6MM钢筋焊接的，除了绣，一切都好，负重不多了，驮包置前，轻物置后，够用了。 今天，是自行车的崩溃之日，最具崩溃代表性的不是轮胎或钢货架，而是脚撑。很有故事，道来。因为去年羌塘之行深刻意识到拍照很辛苦，原因之一就是要把自行车放倒、再扶起，看似简单，却极耗体力精力，流失很多拍照机会。一般的单脚撑基本上瞬间弯，钢制的无法保持大负重的自行车平衡，所以特地寻了一款类似摩托车的双叉中架脚撑，试验很不错，可羌塘实际地貌是不适合的，地太软，脚撑难以平衡，所以一次未用，但又拆不下来，（由于其固定结构很顽固，又没带匹配大扳手，尝试无数次无用）。每每看着这脚撑，觉得委屈，两斤多重的无用货，早知换成备用鞋。也是在今天，奇迹发生，脚撑松动，两端螺丝用手就拎开了，终于卸了这负担。 晚上又失眠，除了想吃的流口水外，还想着脚撑的重量可以换些什么好吃的带。 原文第一段最后一句说前货架一切都好，第二段第一句说最具崩溃性的不是轮胎或货架，而是脚撑。下图已经明白证实前货架有一边中间梁没有了。现在可以肯定前左货架坏了吧！ 73天照片显示货架却是好的，怎么说法，难道带了电焊机吗？关于我的私人情况吗？以后大家就会明白我是个什么样的人，一些与我有过节的人故意断章取意趁机攻击我，我坦然面对。。。。。。我现在没有精力理那般小人。 去山里转了2天出来，没有上网，今天继续找证据，刚才从藏羚羊群的图片看出点端倪，可是帖子已经用文字把漏洞封了，在很多有漏洞的地方，帖子总能用文字修补。。。要找到更多的证据恐怕需要花更多的时间。不过通过搜索知道有很多科学考察队和其他人员进入过里面，相信会有解开谜底的那一天，我会继续努力寻找证据，绝不会中途停止。看你们这些可怜的人！人肉我又如何，没有办法推翻我的观点只能采取这种下三滥的手段，人肉也不详细些，我是买不起装备的人吗？我是没受过高等教育的人吗？特别要鄙视那些桂林本地的混帐东西，就因为我来自阳朔乡下，创建了桂林先行者户外AA群，抢了你们的饭碗，盖过了你们的风头，你们就想方设法搞臭我，你们能办到吗？我们桂林先行者户外群为什么能不断状大，能健康成长，我为什么能受到群友的爱戴，为什么你们不想想原因呢？你们不是很会人肉吗！为什么搜不到我上周末的行踪呢？难道你们瞎了眼看不到桂林先行者几十人的队伍行走在香花岭古道吗？([]
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陈逸凡【温馨提示】为方便朋友们浏览，我将泰国、新加坡、马来西亚之旅，分别在【走出国门】进行了专发布。这是第三个帖子——马来西亚（Malayxia）印象。与外国友人在一起第一次：更新至第08—13页第074—128楼；第二次：更新至第14—20页第140—197楼；第三次：更新至第21—24页第203—236楼；第四次：更新至第28—33页第278—328楼；第五次：更新至第40—43页第399—428楼；第六次：更新至第48—54页第472—531楼；第七次：更新至第54—62页第538—617楼；第八次：更新至第62—67页第618—667楼。马来西亚【Malayxia】印象，全部内容到此已更新完毕，对朋友们的热情鼓励与大力支持，再次表示感谢！ 马来西亚——中文名称叫“马来西亚联邦”，英文名称为“Malayxia”,简称是“大马”, 是东南亚的国家之一，也是东南亚国家联盟的创始国之一。 政治体制为“议会制君主立宪制”，国歌是《我的国家》，国家代码是“MAL”,国际电话区号是“+60”，国际域名缩写为“.my”；首都：吉隆坡；政治中心位于布城；主要城市是马六甲和新山；官方语言为马来语，英语为通用语言和函电语言，其它还有汉语、泰米尔语和一些部族语言； 道路通行法规为靠左行驶； 马来西亚货币为令吉。 1957年8月31日独立。是一个由十三州和三个联邦直辖区组成的联邦体制国家，面积有329847平方公里。 马来西亚时区在UTC+8,共分两大部分，中间有南中国海相隔：一部分是位于马来半岛的西马来西亚，北接泰国，南部与柔佛海峡相隔；另一部分是东马来西亚，位于婆罗洲岛上的北部。人口为2756万，密度为83.57人/平方公里（2010年）；国土面积为33万平方公里，水域率0.3%；GDP总计4420美元，人均15384美元(2010年)。 主要民族有马来人、华人、印度人，整个国家的男女比例，严重失调，男多女少，达到了12：1，因此，居住在马来西亚的男性华侨多要娶当地女子为妻，所生的子女被称为“峇峇（马来语译音，读为BaBa）”，所生的女儿则叫作“娘惹”。主要宗教有伊斯兰教、佛教、道教、印度教。 马来西亚的旅游资源十分丰富，阳光充足，气候宜人，拥有很多高质量的海滩、奇特的海岛、原始热带丛林、珍贵的动植物、千姿百态的洞穴、古老的民俗民风、悠久的历史文化遗迹以及现代化的都市。 马来西亚因位于赤道附近，属于热带雨林海洋性气候，无明显的四季之分，一年之中的温差变化极小，平均温度在26—29℃之间，全年雨量充沛，10—12月是雨季。 在马来西亚旅游，基本上全年都适宜。白天虽然炎热，但是午后有阵雨，晚上会有季风吹拂，十分凉爽。 尤其是北部的槟榔屿，早晚气候适宜，凉风不断。 在马来西亚东部及东海岸，11月至次年3月是雨季，4—5月和10月比较炎热，应尽量避开这段时间。西部年平均降雨量为2000—2500毫米，东部则在3000毫米以上。6—7月降雨量最少，8—9月和10—12月降雨量最多。 如果有商务活动，最好放在每年的3月至11月，因为大多数马来西亚商人于12月到次年2月休假。圣诞节及复活节前后一周不宜前往，同时也应避开穆斯林的斋月和华裔人的新年。 了解马来西亚的旅游，也要了解马来西亚的历史： "二战"后，英国将槟榔屿等9个马来土邦合并为马来联邦，将新加坡作为英国独立的殖民地。 1957年马来联邦独立，1963年马来联邦同新加坡、沙捞越、沙巴合并组成马来西亚。 1965年新加坡退出，形成了现在的马来西亚。 了解马来西亚的历史，更要了解马来西亚的习俗： 马来西亚法律规定，马来人均为穆斯林，因此，马来西亚人不吃猪肉、不吃各种动物的血液和自然死亡的动物。 马来人不吸烟。拿东西时用右手，认为左手不洁，吃饭时用右手抓食，只有在西式宴会及高级餐馆才用刀叉与匙进餐。 马来人忌讳摸头及背部，不能用食指指人；遇见女士时，不能先伸出手要求握手。 如果到马来人家拜访，必须穿戴整齐，由于马来人的内厅也用来祈祷，因此，要将鞋脱在门外。 马来西亚的国教为伊斯兰教，游客在进入伊斯兰教经堂前必须脱鞋，同时注意着装，不可将手臂和双脚暴露在外。并且，不能从正在祷告的穆斯林面前经过，不得碰触《古兰经》。在寺庙内，未经许可，不准拍照。就这模样 我们在马来西亚，从早到晚，经常听到高音喇叭传出“念经”的声音，回荡在整座城市的上空；起初听到这个特别的声响时，多少还受到了点惊吓，后来才明白这是马来西亚的“风俗”。 2013年4月23日下午，结束新加坡的行程，旅游大巴将我们送到新加坡口岸通关，14点17分顺利进入了马来西亚国境，马来西亚旅游大巴已在等候我们。通关后，跨过大桥就走上了高速公路我们乘坐的马来西亚旅游大巴 我们一路高速，平稳行驶，沿路两侧风土人情，赏个没完，同车的游客酣睡如泥，而我却睁大了双眼，静静地欣赏着，同时时不时地抓拍着窗外的美景。宽敞舒适的旅游大巴高速公路上的志牌高速公路边的加油站高速公路两侧的景致([]
国产一品二品三品的区别视频
郭青伟何为旅行？旅行不是一次出行也不只是一个假期旅行是一个过程，一次发现是一个自我发现的过程真正的旅行 让我们直面自我旅行不仅让我们看到世界更让我们看到自己在其中的位置究竟，是我们创造了旅行？还是旅行造就了我们？生命本身就是一场旅行。 时间：2012年9月20日-2012年10月20日地点：Annapurna Circuit TREKking（ACT）安娜普尔纳大环徒步：Tilicho Tal + Poon Hill +ABC人物：（男10人）：郑州青石、北京浮云、郑州大个、哈尔滨小雨、深圳小酒、阜阳冷月风、一鸣音乐人、老朱、杭州空心、深圳天蓝。（女5人）：武汉毛菇、哈尔滨璀璨、上海sAKUra、武汉小璐、郑州小镜。会计：璀璨；出纳：小雨。前队：浮云、小酒、毛菇；收队：戈壁青石。感谢会计、出纳精打细算、账目清晰！感谢前队为全队预定质优价廉、性价比高的住宿！ 背包客群：群交流非常重要，切记！！！尤其对相互陌生、网络结伴的自助游背包客。各种信息汇集于此，需要有一双能辨别是非、甄别真假的明亮眼睛。重庆林卡、无锡小琳、长沙linda3人预定旅行社独自成队走大环，两次相逢，加德满都Kathmandu换汇，Tilicho Tal途中；上海洛克、旷原结伴走大环，相逢Manang；浙江阿建、山海相逢Tilicho Tal；西安蝴蝶效应伉俪相逢Tatopani泡温泉；新加坡bloom独自走大环。无锡冰河5人走ABC。 与广西MM、美国瑞达、杰明偶遇Marpha共同走ABC；与杭州小马、老邓伉俪、成都小彭与小崔伉俪、衡水小李结伴行走ABC。UpperPisang偶遇广州骑行队晨光3人及上海2人；Manang偶遇深圳行摄匆匆、玉翁锦等5人；Ledar偶遇来自大连的独行侠老宋；High Camp偶遇深圳纳米、大豆等11人；Chitre偶遇只走Poon Hill的深圳2队6人；ABC偶遇昆明水。。。等4人、香港2帅哥。————相逢都是缘分，值得珍惜！ 徒步原则：自由结合，分组行进，相互沟通，前后照应。徒步规则：遵循自然规律，日出而作、日落而息。徒步出发时间：900左右，原因是太阳升起之后，温度适宜开始徒步。特殊情况，如翻越垭口例外。徒步结束时间：1900左右，原因是太阳落山前一小时需到达营地，前队开始休整等待后队，避免后队赶夜路出现不安全因素。ps：10人左右的队伍，徒步体能诧异，先后到达的时间差大致在半小时左右行程。日照金山拍摄时间：820左右（日出）；2000左右（日落）。 备注：本功课所列时间均为北京时间，与尼泊尔时差2小时15分钟，请自行换算。 论坛约伴贴链接地址：自助游约伴2012年9月徒步尼泊尔安娜普尔纳大环线https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1141162-1-1.html地方论坛所做功课链接：备忘录为什么到尼泊尔安娜普尔纳大环线徒步？https//bang.dahe.cn/read-htm-tid-6411522.htm钱币兑换法则：汇率是随国际货币市场的变动而时常变动的，具体到每一天的早晨、中午、傍晚，汇率都可能发生细微变化。樟木高于加德满都高于博卡拉，徒步行程中最低。如我们9月21日到达加德满都的汇率挂牌价是113.8（泰米尔区到处是兑换货币的小店），实际换汇114.75、114.4、114.15及114。徒步结束返回加德满都时，汇率变为1：13.00，实际换汇113.40。在此，感谢格桑情缘客栈老板-天使的无私帮助，容情后补。通讯话费节省法则：办理本地卡，Ncell通讯公司（需要提供护照复印件+本人近照）。以本人为例，200RS办卡费用（含50RS话费），先后两次话费充值300RS、500RS，合计1000RS。主要用于尼泊尔徒步期间与家人、单位主要领导、重要朋友电话联系，并用于队伍成员之间的联络沟通。加德满都离境登机关闭尼泊尔电话卡，尚余近200RS话费。Ps：国内办理国际漫游，与国内通话的费用为每分钟14.5元人民币。背夫雇佣：事实证明，徒步起点Besi Shahar的TIMS官员推荐是靠谱的。相比而言，加德满都、博卡拉雇佣背夫，需要额外支付背夫到达Besi Shahar的交通费用等。至于价格，需要自己的眼光，什么样的背夫什么样的工资报酬。价格区间：10-15美金（800-1500RS）。我们的背夫价格950RS（食宿等自理），仅供参考。 尼泊尔————Once is Not Enough！ 实际行程：Kathmandu—Besi Shahar—Bhulbhule ——Syange— Jagat—Tal—Bagarchhap—Danakyu—Koto— Chame—Bhratang—Lower Pisang—Upper Pisang—Ghyaru—Ngawal—Bhraga—Manang休整Manang—Khangsar— Hotel Tilicho Peak—Tilicho Base Camp—Tilicho Tal —Tilicho Base Camp—Hotel Tilicho Peak—Yak Kharka— Thorung Phedi — High Camp—Throng Pass—Muktinath休整Muktinath—Jomsom—Marpha—Ghasa —Tatopani休整泡温泉Tatopani—Chitre—Ghorepani—Poon Hill—Ghorepani—Chhule—JhurJung—Tatapani—chhomrong— sinuwa— Dovan—himalaya—deurali—MB.C—AB.C—MBC—Deurali—Dovan—sinuwa— chhomrong—Jhinudanda 休整泡温泉—Syauli Bazar—Naya Pul—Pokhara。旅行，从前期准备开始，总是充满了很多变数和意外，而这也正是旅行的魅力之一。细化实际行程：9月20日 郑州新郑机场1050飞昆明,1320到达长水机场。9月21日 各地同伴前往加德满都Kathmandu集合。住宿格桑情缘-天使angel的家。ps：格桑情缘B&B位于People's Campus，Paknajol,Thamel,Kathmandu对面巷子，100卢比---300卢比一晚，只适合穷游的驴友们哦！Angel +977 9813687531(尼泊尔电话），国内电话13100515703(只接收短信），QQ：875547952（请注明原因)链接：https//tieba.baidu.com/p/1691430816?pn=1在先期到达加都的北京浮云帮助下，紧张、繁忙、有序的办理进山证（ACAP许可证2000RS、TIMS许可证20美金）、兑换尼币、办理本地电话卡，联系包车、确认班车信息。重庆味晚餐，确定具体行程、会计、出纳等事项，确立徒步过程中的基本原则和注意事项。9月22日 加德满都Kathmandu包车往比斯萨哈尔Besi Shahar， 15人13000RS；车程7小时。Besi Shahar采取多种方式联系包车、找背夫，很必要。 9月23日 比斯萨哈尔Besi Shahar —Bhulbhule ——桑吉Syange海拔1100— Jagat。确定背夫、与背夫确定行程、午餐后，15名同行者+14名背夫，包车（29人）18000RS到达徒步起点Syange。徒步2小时。按照各自节奏徒步，住宿地Jagat。9月24日（徒步D1） Jagat 海拔1300—Tal海拔1700—Bagarchhap海拔2160 。徒步约8小时。因海拔较低，沿途可见梯田、村落、溪流、瀑布等景致；上Tal前有一段大概30分钟的HOT CLIMB。9月25日（徒步D2） Bagarchhap海拔2160—Danakyu海拔2300—Koto海拔2600— Chame 海拔2670。徒步约6小时。Danakyu、Koto一线，均可一览无余的欣赏安娜普尔纳2峰全貌；Chame是Manang行政区的政府办事机构所在地，大环线东线较大的镇子，徒步中较好的补给点。9月26日（徒步D3）Chame —Bhratang海拔2850—Lower Pisang海拔3300—Upper Pisang（3310m）。 徒步约7小时。Upper Pisang的最高处是一座藏传佛教寺庙，能够很好的欣赏人脸雪山的日出、日落。 9月27日（徒步D4）Upper Pisang（3200m）—Ghyaru—Ngawal海拔3680—Bhraga海拔3450—Manang海拔3540 。徒步约8小时。选择走High Way，从Upper Pisang出发，之字坡急速拔升400多米，到达美丽的藏族村寨Ghyaru，很让人崩溃！但可看迷人的高山湖泊、人脸雪山、特色小村落等，更能欣赏到河北岸的秀丽风光。此处发生第一个故事：迷路尴尬。9月28日（ 徒步D5）Manang休整，适应海拔，清洗衣物。体力充沛的同伴选择到附近的小冰湖 ice lake观景台，往返4-5小时。阜阳冷月风、老刘、老朱因时间关系，不走高原冰湖线路，直接翻越陀龙垭口；杭州空心因假期时间限制安排不休整，提前走高原冰湖线路；第一次结伴后分开旅行。 9月29日（徒步D6） Manang —Khangsar 海拔3734— Hotel Tilicho Peak 海拔4076— Tilicho Base Camp海拔4150。徒步约8小时。Hotel Tilicho Peak午餐，为背夫减负，寄存行走高原冰湖暂时用不到的物品。Hotel Tilicho Peak至Tilicho Base Camp要经过近1小时的滑坡路段，要小心谨慎！但风景独特，值得品味。 PS：Tilicho Base Camp住宿条件是大环东线最差的地方，大通铺1000RS一个房间，可住宿7-8人。此处发生第二个故事：愚蠢减负。9月30日（徒步D7）Tilicho Base Camp—Tilicho Tal 海拔5200—Tilicho Base Camp—Hotel Tilicho Peak。徒步约9小时。拔升900米到达Tilicho Tal，观看世界海拔最高的冰湖，1小时左右浏览，再下降1100米返回Hotel Tilicho Peak住宿。10月1日（徒步D8）Hotel Tilicho Peak —Yak Kharka 海拔4018— Ledar 海拔4200。徒步约4小时。深圳天蓝因脚踝受伤，第二次结伴后分开旅行。10月2日（徒步D9）Ledar— Thorung Phedi 海拔4450— High Camp 海拔4925。徒步约6小时，。从 thorong phedi 到 high camp，路很近但陡峭且为碎石坡，很耗费体力！10月3日（徒步D10）托隆高地营地High camp—托隆山口Throng Pass海拔5416—穆格蒂纳特Muktinath 海拔3802。徒步8小时。从High Camp出来就开始在雪线上行走了。凌晨4点半出发, 躲避不期而遇的大风; Throng Pass到Muktinath需海拔下降1600米，令人崩溃的碎石路。10月4日（徒步D11）Muktinath休整。Muktionath是大环线上的大镇，是一个佛教和印度教的朝圣中心，寺庙非常多，MUSTANG地区是尼泊尔人心中的圣地，来这里朝拜的人很多。还是尼泊尔MUSTANG地区的中心，这里有MUSTANG地区最出名的寺庙。进入木斯塘王国需要特别旅行许可证。ps：从Muktinath可坐吉普车到Jomsom、Tatopani、Pokhara。 10月5日（徒步D12）Muktinath—Jomsom—Marpha 海拔2670。徒步8小时。遭遇大风，痛苦的逆风行走。Marpha是后半程西线上最美的村庄，这里盛产苹果，有多种苹果白兰地、苹果酒及苹果干、美味苹果蛋糕。还有很多特色寺庙， 环境令人留恋。 10月6日（徒步D13）Marpha—Ghasa 海拔2012。徒步8小时。Ghasa当地民族善于经商，很容易被迷惑，而且地处山洼，风景一般。PS：最好选择前一站住宿，道拉吉里峰在此清晰的完美展现。 风景好而且民风淳朴。10月7日（徒步D14）Ghasa—Tatopani 海拔1189。徒步4小时。途中路过Kalopani/Lete海拔2535，可以看到海拔8167的世界第七高峰—道拉吉里峰，周围也是雪山，风景很漂亮。ps：迦萨至塔托帕尼, 公路上灰尘较大，可坐车。Tatopani以温泉闻名, TATO-热, PANI-水。躺在露天温泉里，喝着冰镇啤酒、可乐，看着远处的雪山，非常惬意！泡温泉60RS。北京浮云、郑州大个、哈尔滨小雨、深圳小酒、武汉毛菇、小璐、郑州小镜、上海sakura、哈尔滨璀璨等9名同伴，因身体劳累、时间安排等因素，确认Poon Hill登顶后，从Ghorepani分开旅行，直接返回Nayapul乘车回博卡拉。此处发生第三个故事：莫名逃单。 10月8日（徒步D15）Tatopani—Chitre海拔2350m。徒步6小时。9名背夫逃离5人，导致重新安排背负，重装缓慢行走。海拔上升1100，住宿Chitre客栈，正对道拉吉里峰。此处发生第四个故事：背夫逃离。10月9日（徒步D16）Chitre—Ghorepani—Poon Hill海拔3211—Ghorepani。徒步6小时。Ghorepani是道路交汇点，博卡拉走小环线，或者走安娜普尔纳大本营ABC都是必经地。Poon Hill观看壮观的雪山群峰日落（门票25RS无人收取）。10月10日（徒步D17）Ghorepani—Tatapani—Chhule—JhurJung。徒步8小时。清晨4点半再次攀登Poon Hill观看日出，因太阳光照射角度，与昨晚登顶的感觉不一样。早餐后，与同行16天大环线的9名同伴、3名背夫告别后，郑州青石、小背夫阿杰开始ABC徒步。第三次结伴后分开旅行。ps：从Ghorepani到Nayapul为近8小时下坡路，海拔下降1800，到达安娜普尔纳大环线的终点Nayapul海拔1070。在Nayapul桥头的最后一个检查站登记完以后，意味着整个大环线的圆满结束，可包出租车或者乘坐公共汽车返回博卡拉。完成大环的9名同伴，包租马匹2匹，每匹驮负2个大包，8000RS。避免重装下山台阶路对膝盖的冲击损害。 PS：Poon Hill接着走ABC，完全可以不重复登顶伯恩山，选择凌晨6点半出发，往Tatapani 方向1小时左右拔升400米到达的观景台，观看雪山群峰的日出、日落，视野更开阔，切记！10月11日（徒步D18）JhurJung—chhomrong— sinuwa海拔2340 — Dovan。徒步7小时。Chhomrong、 sinuwa都可以很好的观看鱼尾峰和安娜普尔纳南峰，视角略有差异。ps：sinuwa和Chhonrong是隔着山谷相望两个村庄，连通的道路是台阶路、长长的下坡和上坡，崩溃的2小时。10月12日（徒步D19）Dovan—himalaya—deurali—MB.C 海拔3700—AB.C海拔4130。徒步7小时。从MBC到ABC是ABC徒步环线风景最美的一段，有海拔4000的高山草甸，还有360度的环绕雪山风景，可同时看到数座世界知名雪山。Annapurna South(7219m)、Fang(7647m)、Annapurna I(8091m)、Annapurna III(7555m)、Tharpu Chuli(5663m)、Gandharba Chuli(6248m)、Machhapuchhre (Fishtail)(6993m)、Hiun Chuli(6441m)。PS：登上大本营背面的山丘可以一览安纳布尔纳1号峰、3号峰、冈嘉普尔纳峰、鱼尾峰等12座连绵的雪峰，欣赏喜马拉雅山脉日出日落的美景。 10月14日（徒步D21）sinuwa— chhomrong—Jhinudanda 休整 泡温泉（50RS）。徒步4小时。Chhonrong到温泉点Jhinudanda是长长的阶梯下坡，徒步2小时。PS：从温泉附近的旅店徒步到温泉需要15分钟（门票50RS），注意蚂蝗出没。杭州小马、成都小崔不幸中招！10月15日（徒步D22）Jhinudanda—Syauli Bazar—Naya Pul—博克拉Pokhara。徒步4小时， Syauli Bazar与广西MM、美国瑞达、杰明、杭州小马与老邓夫妻、成都小彭与小崔夫妻共8人+2背夫（10人），4000RS包乘吉普车（Naya Pul停留办理最后的登记手续后）返回博卡拉。PS：ABC返程下山有两种选择，一是从Chomrong到Phedi步行大致10小时，二是从Chomrong到Naya Pul步行大约6小时。此处发生第五个故事：商业欺诈。10月16日 博卡拉 费瓦湖发呆休整。与ABC同行的旅伴如下山猛虎般，连续在峨眉、龙脉、兰花、唐人4家中餐馆腐败大餐，顺序排名。10月17日 博卡拉—加德满都Kathmandu。7小时车程。随天使闲逛博德纳大佛塔、购物。记不住名字的餐馆晚餐，尼泊尔期间最正点的中餐、价格公道，味道纯正（有兴趣的可咨询天使）。住宿格桑情缘-天使angel的家。————翻越海拔5416米Throng Pass同伴合影留念。日出时分，Poon Hill观看壮观的雪山群峰合影。偶遇Manang，再度相逢于Tilicho Tal的合影留念。————拍摄者：深圳行摄匆匆同伴。背夫，我们徒步的好伙伴、重要帮手。图片中的背夫阿杰，我们从Tatopani开始确立雇佣关系到走完ABC结束，建立了深厚的友情。。。相处的基础，需要明确的是我们之间的关系，金钱报酬下的雇佣关系。这点他是清醒的，因为他每天最多的开始语：“我的老板。。。”然后才说明其想法。我们的同伴多是迷惑于此，显然他比我们很多同伴更清醒。至于相处之道，看个人修为。相互尊重是王道！陪我们一路走完Poon Hill并随9名同伴下撤Nayapul的背夫头泰德和他的好伙伴——拍摄于道拉吉里峰前的Chitre村庄客栈。尽职尽责的背夫头：泰德。————拍摄于Muktinath的秋色之中([]
老毛桃2019完整版
林玉亦〖序〗去年元旦，我在零下45度的坝上草原，极度寒冷干燥的天气，还没回上海，我的手上就开始发湿疹。最初并不在意，却没想到，湿疹越发越多，最后竟伴随了我一年，并发展到全身性皮肤过敏。每次似乎过敏稍好一点，一旦出去旅行或出差，便又再次复发。而去年是我特别忙碌的一年，出差频繁，旅行也很频繁。湿疹却因反复发作，久治不愈，已成顽疾，让我去年整整一年，痒并快乐着。今年元旦，从柬埔寨回来后，十个手指头再次长满密密麻麻的湿疹，让我痛下决心，暂时不出去玩了，哪儿也不去了，就在上海呆着，修身养性。 修身养性，说起来容易做起来难。尤其是身处户外圈，身边的朋友都是不安分的旅行狂热者，春节开始，朋友圈里便陆续晒各类旅行照，接着是各类旅行计划。我又心痒了。 “当【旅行】被按下暂停键，还好有照片可以感怀与想念。只是为何，两个月前的柬埔寨之行，已如两年般久远？”当我在微信上敲出这段文字时，只觉内心悲凉。 人生有当下，还有远方。旅行，早已成为我的信念，是照进琐碎生活的一丝光亮。每隔一段时间，放下工作，放下压力，放下朝九晚五，去遥远的地方放逐一下，再回来时，便已是神清气爽，连平凡生活也换成了美好模样，不觉房价很高，客户很烦，压力很大。 但现在，我必须得做出妥协，与我的身体。 “你一定是以前户外水线走得太多，湿气过重”，“户外睡帐篷时，即使有防潮垫，湿气依然很重”。。。身边朋友帮我找着各种看似合理的解释。但不管原因为何，现在我要做的是暂停旅行，暂停行走。 人生都有阶段性的，不是吗？也许这是我的身体在向我发出的警告。我只是暂时停下来，休息一下而已。远方，永远在前方。我如此安慰自己。 当旅行暂停时，还好我有照片可以怀念，还有文字可以书写。 所以，现在，让我用文字来开始一段旅行吧。。。 D1（12-29） 上海浦东——柬埔寨暹粒暹粒，第一次看见“暹”这个字，我甚至不知该如何发音。问十个人，也许九个人不知“暹”字该如何读，而八个人不知“暹粒”又是何地？你不知暹粒，但你一定知道吴哥。如果你要去吴哥，那你一定得先飞暹粒，吴哥的门户。2012年元旦前夕，小美丽说，"我们去吴哥吧，元旦去吴哥，天气最凉爽。" 每年的11月至次年2月，是吴哥的旱季，也是最凉爽的季节，自然也是旅游旺季。3月开始气温上升，而5月-10月，便进入闷热潮湿的雨季，最高温度可达40多度。无奈时间太仓促，即使计划买大韩航空的机票从韩国绕过去，机票也很贵。那一年元旦，我们放弃了吴哥，我却开始对吴哥心心念念。2013年春秋开通了上海直飞暹粒的航线，我就盘算着，一定要去吴哥。待过了吴哥漫长的雨季，我依旧把去吴哥的时间定在了元旦。还在浦东机场候机，心里已是春暖花开。和蟋蟀头自拍一张，分享到微信朋友圈：“又一次出发，到温暖的地方过新年去！”Tips：办理去柬埔寨的证非常方便，在网上申请电子证，25美元／人，3个工作日即可收到证的PDF电子版本，打印出来，贴在护照上即可。申请电子证网址：https//evisa.mfaic.gov.kh/Default.aspx 直飞的好处便是，4个多小时后，我们已抵达柬埔寨国际机场。柬埔寨的海关人员会索要小费，已是公开秘密。”把1美元准备好，夹在护照里“，很多人的攻略会如是告诉你。但我不准备给他们小费。我们都有合法的入境证，凭什么还要给海关人员小费？排队等候入关。我前面一正在办理入关手续的中国男人，忽然转过身对他的同伴喊道：“他们要我交10元钱，你们有吗？””你就和他说no money！“未等他的同伴给他钱，我的话已喊出了口。那海关人员向我看了看，又低下了头。我想了想，为避免他可能的刁难，我干脆换了个通道排队。轮到我时，我递上护照。海关员接过护照，眼睛也没抬，只喃喃地用中文说了句："10元人民币。”“NO，” 这次，我的回答更简单。他啥也没说，只低着头把我的护照翻来覆去看。你就慢慢看吧，反正我不会给你钱的。我心里暗暗想着。磨蹭许久后，他叫我把右手放到一个指纹记录仪上，停留许久，再换左手，又停留许久。“NO～～NO” 他嘴里一边咕哝着，一边继续磨蹭着。我安静地等在柜台前，我就不信，不给他小费，他就不让我通行？最后，他终于在我护照上盖好章，把护照递还给我。我心里偷笑，接过护照，赶紧离开。下一个是蟋蟀头了，海关人员也对他说了同样的话，“10元人民币，” 他也用“NO”直接回绝了海关人员。我估计这位海关人员心里已是极度不爽，失去耐心，只让蟋蟀头放了一只手记录指纹，就让他通过了。据说，柬埔寨海关人员的索贿都是中国人培养出来的。如果真是如此，那就让我们每个中国人从NO开始，断绝掉他们这种劣根性。 走出机场时，旅馆派来接我们的车夫已拿着写有我名字的纸牌候在外面。住三晚以上，旅馆便提供免费的接机服务。我们将在暹粒住七晚，便理所当然享受了旅馆的这项免费服务。车夫叫Bunny，我们在暹粒相处了整整六天，我却是在最后一天才知他的名字。当时，Bunny对我们来说，只是一个临时来接机的车夫而已，我们并没想到在暹粒的六天，都将与他在一起，甚至还去了他家里。坐上他的TUTU车时，“take photo?” Bunny问我。他这么喜欢拍照吗？我一边觉得奇怪，一边把镜头对准他。“No，我是问是否需要我帮你俩拍张照？” Bunny摇着手，知道我误解了他的意思。真逗，这漆黑的夜里，帮我俩拍照？但我还是把相机递给他，于是，借着路灯的余光，有了我俩这张初来乍到的照片。 预订的旅馆Avie Moriya Villa（阿维莫莉亚别墅），还真是一幢两层楼的别墅，只有几个房间。老板是个意大利人，据说很nice很幽默。房价不贵，住7晚仅226美元，相当于人民币1377元。出发前一个月我才订房，可能正值旅游旺季的缘故，很多酒店房间都早已预订一空，包括朋友推荐的Motherhome Inn。找到Avie Moriya Villa属巧合，位置好，离老市场近，而且它的网上评分还很高。只是，不到200元一晚的房间，多少让我有点担心。这种担心，直到热情的服务生把我们领进房间，才终于解除。房间虽简单，却很干净，而且还有免费的wifi。蟋蟀头说肚子饿了，要外出觅食。于是，行李放下，我们便再次出门，坐上Bunny的tutu车，让他送我们去酒吧街。当然，Bunny并非免费送我们，他要求收费2美元。在柬埔寨，主要使用的货币是美元，从购物到吃饭的所有消费。而当地货币瑞尔Riel，一般只用来找零。美元与瑞尔有个固定汇率0.1USD=400Riel，通常只有用到1美元以下时，瑞尔才派上用场 。既然一切都用美元支付，所以，柬浦寨的消费并不便宜。2美元，差不多13元人民币，上海出租车的起步价，可以坐3公里。而我们坐Bunny的tutu车，仅几分钟而已，便已到了酒吧街。如此一来，是不是比上海都贵？但当时我没有2美元的零钱，掏出一张100美元，Bunny说，明天付吧。明天，已和他约好，下午送我们去买吴哥的门票。他就不怕我们明天爽约，不坐他的tutu车？我心里暗想。但可能正因为他这种相信，我们也都很诚信。信任与否，从来都是相互的。 酒吧街并非如想像中那般人头攒动、人声鼎沸，毕竟已是午夜时分，喝了酒的人，也大多回房休息了。但五彩的霓虹，震耳的音乐，还是和之前寂静的夜色形成鲜明的反差。“要不要去喝一杯？” 蟋蟀头问我。“不要。”我知道他故意这样问，他其实从来不爱喝酒。我们是来找吃的。但这些光鲜亮丽的酒吧，提供的除了酒水还是酒水。 酒吧街并不长，50米左右，穿行而过后，灯光便黯淡下来，稀稀拉拉摆着一些路边摊。从旅馆出来时，已向服务生打听过，夜里是否安全？即使得到服务生肯定的答复，蟋蟀头仍然一百个不放心，即使要吃路边摊，也一定要找个灯光明亮点的地方。我们还真找到一处明亮的角落。小食摊的玻璃橱窗上竟写着四个斗大的中文：牛肉河粉。“finish，finish！”橱窗后的一个男人对我说道。我站在小食摊前，探头往里张望着，可能看得太过专心，竟对他说的“finish” 充耳不闻。和蟋蟀头商量下，我便对老板说道，“要两份牛肉河粉。”“finish !” 老板大声地再次重申。哦，原来已经卖完，结束营业了。但之前我居然把“finish”听成“fish”，以为他在向我推销鱼了！真是三滴汗啊。 他家已结束营业，但紧挨着他家的另一个食摊，小妹仍在忙碌中。依然点了两份炒河粉，蟋蟀头的牛肉河粉和我的蔬菜河粉。每份2美元。在东南亚旅行的好处便是，与国内的食物差异不大，不会让人在饮食上感觉难以适应。用筷子吃河粉的时候，有点时光错乱的感觉。我们真的已经在柬埔寨呢？ 见我在拍照，一老外突然跳过来，张大手臂，做个怪脸，挡在我镜头前面。然后，我俩都哈哈大笑。嗯，我想，我们的确已在柬埔寨了。饭后去逛了小食摊旁边的超市，这里日用品一应俱全，成了我俩后来屡次光顾的地方。除了很多商品是made in China，几个中文字也是赫然醒目。 准备返回旅馆时，近凌晨2点，街头依然许多夜不归宿的游客。他们，是这个城市GDP的来源，也使这个城市无论白天还是黑夜，都充满生机。更漆黑的角落，一排排tutu车沿街摆开。比游客还多的tutu车，生意看来并不好做。如此竞争激烈，所以我们只用了一美元，便坐tutu车返回了旅馆。 D2（12-30）巴肯山日落吴哥窟的门票分为三种：一日票＄20，三日票＄40，七日票＄60。下午17点钟买票后便可马上进去，免费获得一个傍晚，去巴肯山或者吴哥看日落。所以，这一天，我们除了下午430出发去买吴哥门票，然后去巴肯山看日落外，并没有特别安排。于是，便安安心心地睡到自然醒。一觉醒来时，已是中午。从二楼的阳台上往外望去，除了电线太过扎眼外，街上空无一人，安静得有点过分。但这就是暹粒，白天游客们都散落到吴哥的丛林中，只有傍晚以后才陆续归城。所以，白天的暹粒永远都是寂寞的。 昨晚抵达时，夜色漆黑，完全不知我们住的这幢楼啥模样。现在下楼后，才算把这幢Avie Moriya Villa（阿维莫莉亚别墅）看清楚。外墙涂成淡黄色的小楼，看上去倒是分为雅致。二楼阳台上挂着柬埔寨国旗和红白绿的意大利国旗，看来老板的确是个意大利人。只是，旅馆里依然不见他的踪影。我对他有点好奇，为何要到这里来开一家廉价旅馆？这点房费，怎么算起来都不算什么高收入。蟋蟀头说，你以为老外都很有钱吗？说不定他在意大利也就一穷人。 出门时，已是下午两点半，准备走路去老市场吃午饭。看了酒店名片后面的地图，老市场与酒吧街相距很近。蟋蟀头说，你跟我走就行。“你确信你可以找到？”我有点怀疑。虽然昨晚坐tutu车去酒吧街吃过饭，但我依然毫无方向感。“我确信。”蟋蟀头的语气里，倒全是自信。于是，我俩就这样出门溜达了。 “我们现在走的路，比昨晚绕了一下。我只是想看看，这边又是什么样？”蟋蟀头说道，就好像他曾经来过似的。我依旧半信半疑，甚至中途还去问了两个路人，但证明我俩的确一直走在正确的方向。“你知道这是哪吗？”将近20分钟后，蟋蟀头指着一条街的入口。“不知道。”我摇了摇头。“这就是酒吧街啊！”“酒吧街？但为什么和昨晚的酒吧街没有一点相似之处呢？”我不相信。但很快，我发现路牌上写着Pub street。“因为这是酒吧街的另一头。”蟋蟀头非常淡定地说道。现在，我对他的方向感，佩服得五体投地。只是，酒吧街的白天与黑夜，反差实在很大。但为何街头有这么多警察呢？有什么事情发生吗？和警察叔叔确认了下，与酒吧街平行的另一条街道便是老市场。攻略说，老市场集中了很多餐厅。但当我站在这里时，眼前所见与想像中完全不一样。左边一排简陋的小吃摊，散发出来的浓烈腥味，让我只想赶快逃离。后来去这后面逛了一下，原来小吃摊的后面是个菜市场，难怪气味难闻。路右边的餐厅，看上去就精致许多。我很少按别人的推荐去寻找美食，因为在吃这件事上，我从来认为是仁者见仁，智者见智。毕竟每个人的口味不一样，要求也不一样。美食，凭自己的感觉去寻觅就好。就比如这家放满绿植的餐厅，蓝色的桌椅、异域风情的桌布，明亮绮丽的颜色搭配，一入眼，我就挪不动脚了。 餐厅不仅装修考究，连服务员也很漂亮。点餐后，等候上菜时，蟋蟀头让小姑娘坐在桌子一边，给她拍照。我俩是餐厅唯一的客人，所以小姑娘很大方地应允了。她的眼睛大大的，笑的时候特别美。 饭前饮料，一定是每人一个新鲜椰汁。在泰国时，我们是如此习惯；到了柬埔寨，依然如此。同是椰汁，但柬埔寨和泰国的又有所不同。柬埔寨的椰子虽块头大，但椰汁却不如泰国的甘甜，味道偏淡。而且柬埔寨的椰汁比泰国的贵许多，柬埔寨一般＄2（相当于人民币12元），而泰国仅10泰铢（相当于人民币2元）。如此一比较，感觉柬埔寨的消费比泰国贵了许多。 我们这顿饭是传统的柬埔寨美食。我的Amok fish 和蟋蟀头的Beef Lok Lak。Amok是当地的一种植物，用它的叶子裹着鱼肉或鸡肉或牛肉，再加上椰奶、咖喱粉、姜黄粉、柠檬香草等调料，在火上蒸熟。选择不同的主食料，便是不同的Amok，所以有了Amok fish、Amok beef、Amok chicken。也许暹粒边上就是洞里萨湖的缘故，所以鱼肉的Amok最为有名。而Beef Lok Lak则是用炒好的牛肉配上柬埔寨特有的烤肉酱。点餐时，我对蟋蟀头说，“我想吃鱼，可是。。。”我喜欢吃鱼，可是因为湿疹的缘故，已经戒鱼很久了。“那就点吧。吃了再说。”蟋蟀头二话不说，帮我做了决定。他就是这样，永远知道我在想什么，不管我是话只说了一半，还是什么也没说。他只是看情况，帮我把想说的话说出来而已。 我对这家餐厅的桌布和桌巾一见倾心，这就是传说中的纱笼布吗？我立即把它列入我的购物清单，只是，直到离开柬埔寨，也再没看见这么漂亮的桌布。 吃完饭，已近下午4点，得赶紧往回走了，因为和Bunny有约，1630来旅馆接我俩。回去时，蟋蟀头说带我走近路，即昨晚我们坐tutu车的路线，居然只用了十分钟左右，我们便走回了旅馆。一路上，见到许多候客的tutu车停靠在路边，也有许多tutu车司机主动过来招呼我们。尽管是旅游旺季，似乎tutu车的生意也难做啊。所以，当我们回到旅馆，看见Bunny已笑脸盈盈地等候在大门口时，便一点也不奇怪了。后来要离开暹粒时，我问蟋蟀头，为何我们从来没向其他tutu车司机打听过价格呢？不货比三家，就选择了Bunny，这似乎没有道理。“这要问你自己了。”蟋蟀头回答我。 1630，准时出发。当时 ，只与Bunny谈好这个傍晚的车费＄5：送我们去买门票，然后送我们去巴肯山看日落，最后把我们送回旅馆。 旅馆到售票处并不远，tutu车过去十多分钟就到了。实际上，暹粒本就是个小城，城区到呈哥窟十多分钟，到机场也是十多分钟而已。幅员广阔的是茫茫丛林，以及丛林中的寺庙。吴哥的门票很有纪念意义，因为会现场为每个人拍一张照片印在门票上，于是，每张门票都成了个人专属。最值得一提的是，在通货膨胀的今天，吴哥的门票这十年来都没有任何变化。十年前的三天票是＄40，现在依然是同样价格。 买完门票后，我们便直奔巴肯山。中途路过吴哥寺，远远地便能看见人山人海。我倒吸一口气，这么多人，我们如何拍摄日落？对巴肯山的日落，我似乎有了不好的预感。Bunny把车停在巴肯山下，指着不远处的一条山路说道，“你们就从那儿上山吧，我在山下等你们。”放眼看去，上巴肯山的游客也不少。我有点担心，山下这么多人，我们能在人群中找到Bunny吗？或者说，Bunny会找到我们吗？但实际上，我的担心有点多余，Bunny从来没有错过我们，他总是在我们从寺庙出来的第一时间向我们挥手。 在上山的入口处，有个伤残人士组成的民乐团在演奏，我大概看了下介绍，他们自称是地雷的受害者，请求募捐。后来我们在吴哥的每个遗迹入口处，都有看到这样的乐团。柬埔寨曾有举世闻名的吴哥文明，但也曾遭遇几十年的战乱。从1945的抗法战争到后来的内战，几十年的战争让柬埔寨变得满目疮痍。战争中埋下的1000多万颗地雷，比其人口还多，约占全球地雷总数的十分之一。因地雷遍布太广，数量太多，已成为延续至今最大的威胁，给柬埔寨人民带来巨大灾难，被地雷炸伤的人数远大于被炸死的人数。从1991年10月23日“巴黎和平协议”订后，联合国开始往柬埔寨派驻扫雷部队，但据说，要清除柬埔寨所有的地雷，需上百年甚至更长的时间。坏消息是，柬埔寨每天依然有平民被地雷所伤；但好消息是，我们游客去的地方，地雷都已清理干净。只要你走在有路的地方，就不用担心地雷。我放了钱在他们的募捐盒里。后来，每看到这样的乐团，我俩都会捐钱。有人说，有些乐团是假装成地雷受害者，只为骗取钱财。但不管怎样，我相信他们是真的。在神的领地，你敢说谎吗？为了赶上落日，我俩快步向山上走去。巴肯山虽为山，但并不高，高度仅65米，与吴哥窟的高度相近。尽管如此，它也是吴哥区域的制高点之一，所以，它总是被人们列为看日出或日落的地方。爬上山，我俩仅用了十分钟。但一上山，我傻眼了，举目望去，除了人还是人。随着人流往前走，有工作人员在维持秩序，要求大家排成一列，排队上山。抬头，仰望，矗立在山顶的巴肯寺，高高在上。虽然神庙底部大多坍塌，但屹立在山顶的它，依然气势不减。高棉人崇拜山，山与山神，是他们的原始信仰。真腊王朝的国王耶输跋摩一世登基后，把都城从洞里萨湖边的罗洛士迁至吴哥所在的一片平原，并在巴肯山上建立了第一座国庙。巴肯在当时不仅是王朝的中心，也成为婆罗门世界的宇宙中心——须弥山
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蔡政皓洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
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